Biography of Prophet Muhammad (ο·Ί)
1. Early Life (570β610 CE)
- Birth: Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born in 570 CE in Mecca (Arabia), in the respected Quraysh tribe.
- Parents: His father, Abdullah, died before his birth, and his mother, Amina, passed away when he was six. He was raised by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, and later by his uncle, Abu Talib.
- Character: He was known for his honesty and was called Al-Amin (the trustworthy) and As-Sadiq (the truthful).
- Marriage: At age 25, he married Khadijah, a wealthy businesswoman, who supported him immensely.
2. Prophethood (610β632 CE)
- First Revelation: At the age of 40, while meditating in the Cave of Hira, he received his first revelation from Angel Jibril (Gabriel), marking the beginning of his mission as the last prophet of Islam.
- Persecution in Mecca: His message of monotheism faced opposition from Quraysh leaders, leading to persecution of Muslims.
- Hijrah (Migration to Medina) β 622 CE: Due to increasing threats, he migrated to Medina, where he established a strong Muslim community. This event marks the start of the Islamic calendar (Hijri).
3. Leadership & Expansion of Islam
- Medina Period (622β632 CE): He became a spiritual and political leader, forming treaties, leading battles (like Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq), and promoting justice and unity.
- Conquest of Mecca (630 CE): He peacefully re-entered Mecca, forgave his former enemies, and cleansed the Kaaba of idols.
4. Final Years & Passing (632 CE)
- Farewell Sermon (632 CE): He delivered his last sermon during Hajj, emphasizing equality, justice, and devotion to Allah.
- Death: He passed away at 63 in Medina and was buried in his house, which is now part of the Prophetβs Mosque.
5. Legacy
- Revolutionized Arabian society: Established social justice, rights for women, and an ethical system based on Islam.
- Qur’an & Hadith: His teachings remain preserved in the Qurβan and Hadith.
- Global Influence: Today, over 1.9 billion Muslims follow his teachings worldwide.